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1.3    Traditional Maintenance Approaches



         Reactive maintenance, commonly referred to as "run-to-failure,"

         involves fixing machinery only after it malfunctions. This method
         may  result  in  expensive  repairs,  unanticipated  downtime,  and

         possible  safety  risks.  Regardless  of  the  state  of  the  equipment,

         preventive  maintenance  adheres  to  a  predefined  timetable  for
         maintenance  chores.  Although  its  goal  is  to  prevent  failures,  it

         sometimes falls short and necessitates unneeded maintenance.
         These  conventional  methods  are  unable  to  adequately  predict

         and avoid failures.






         1.4     How Industry 4.0 Enables Predictive
                 Maintenance




         Predictive  maintenance  is  built  on  Industry  4.0,  the  merging  of
         digital technology with industrial processes. Sensors built inside
         machinery capture real-time data on a variety of characteristics,

         including temperature, vibration, and pressure, over the Internet

         of  Things  (IoT).  For  analysis,  this  data  is  sent  to  centralized
         systems.  Advanced  analytics  methods,  including  machine

         learning  and  artificial  intelligence,  evaluate  the  data  to  find
         trends and anomalies, making it possible to forecast equipment

         breakdowns  and  maintenance  requirements.  The  constant
         monitoring and analysis of equipment conditions made possible

         by  Industry  4.0  technology  make  predictive  maintenance
         possible.
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